21. Internet Protocols and Support — Python 3.6.7 documentation

21. Internet Protocols and Support¶

The modules described in this chapter implement Internet protocols and support for related technology. They are all implemented in Python. Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent module socket, which is currently supported on most popular platforms. Here is an overview:

21.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
- 21.1.1. Browser Controller Objects
21.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
- 21.2.1. Introduction
- 21.2.2. Using the cgi module
- 21.2.3. Higher Level Interface
- 21.2.4. Functions
- 21.2.5. Caring about security
- 21.2.6. Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
- 21.2.7. Testing your CGI script
- 21.2.8. Debugging CGI scripts
- 21.2.9. Common problems and solutions
21.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
21.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
- 21.4.1. wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilities
- 21.4.2. wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header tools
- 21.4.3. wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP server
- 21.4.4. wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checker
- 21.4.5. wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classes
- 21.4.6. Examples
21.5. urllib — URL handling modules
21.6. urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs
- 21.6.1. Request Objects
- 21.6.2. OpenerDirector Objects
- 21.6.3. BaseHandler Objects
- 21.6.4. HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
- 21.6.5. HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
- 21.6.6. ProxyHandler Objects
- 21.6.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
- 21.6.8. HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects
- 21.6.9. AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.10. HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.11. ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.12. AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.13. HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.14. ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 21.6.15. HTTPHandler Objects
- 21.6.16. HTTPSHandler Objects
- 21.6.17. FileHandler Objects
- 21.6.18. DataHandler Objects
- 21.6.19. FTPHandler Objects
- 21.6.20. CacheFTPHandler Objects
- 21.6.21. UnknownHandler Objects
- 21.6.22. HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
- 21.6.23. Examples
- 21.6.24. Legacy interface
- 21.6.25. urllib.request Restrictions
21.7. urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib
21.8. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
- 21.8.1. URL Parsing
- 21.8.2. Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes
- 21.8.3. Structured Parse Results
- 21.8.4. URL Quoting
21.9. urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request
21.10. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
21.11. http — HTTP modules
- 21.11.1. HTTP status codes
21.12. http.client — HTTP protocol client
- 21.12.1. HTTPConnection Objects
- 21.12.2. HTTPResponse Objects
- 21.12.3. Examples
- 21.12.4. HTTPMessage Objects
21.13. ftplib — FTP protocol client
- 21.13.1. FTP Objects
- 21.13.2. FTP_TLS Objects
21.14. poplib — POP3 protocol client
- 21.14.1. POP3 Objects
- 21.14.2. POP3 Example
21.15. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
- 21.15.1. IMAP4 Objects
- 21.15.2. IMAP4 Example
21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client
- 21.16.1. NNTP Objects
  - 21.16.1.1. Attributes
  - 21.16.1.2. Methods
- 21.16.2. Utility functions
21.17. smtplib — SMTP protocol client
- 21.17.1. SMTP Objects
- 21.17.2. SMTP Example
21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server
- 21.18.1. SMTPServer Objects
- 21.18.2. DebuggingServer Objects
- 21.18.3. PureProxy Objects
- 21.18.4. MailmanProxy Objects
- 21.18.5. SMTPChannel Objects
21.19. telnetlib — Telnet client
- 21.19.1. Telnet Objects
- 21.19.2. Telnet Example
21.20. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
- 21.20.1. Example
21.21. socketserver — A framework for network servers
- 21.21.1. Server Creation Notes
- 21.21.2. Server Objects
- 21.21.3. Request Handler Objects
- 21.21.4. Examples
21.22. http.server — HTTP servers
21.23. http.cookies — HTTP state management
- 21.23.1. Cookie Objects
- 21.23.2. Morsel Objects
- 21.23.3. Example
21.24. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
- 21.24.1. CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
- 21.24.2. FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
- 21.24.3. CookiePolicy Objects
- 21.24.4. DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
- 21.24.5. Cookie Objects
- 21.24.6. Examples
21.25. xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules
21.26. xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
- 21.26.1. ServerProxy Objects
- 21.26.2. DateTime Objects
- 21.26.3. Binary Objects
- 21.26.4. Fault Objects
- 21.26.5. ProtocolError Objects
- 21.26.6. MultiCall Objects
- 21.26.7. Convenience Functions
- 21.26.8. Example of Client Usage
- 21.26.9. Example of Client and Server Usage
21.27. xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
- 21.27.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
  - 21.27.1.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
- 21.27.2. CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
- 21.27.3. Documenting XMLRPC server
- 21.27.4. DocXMLRPCServer Objects
- 21.27.5. DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
21.28. ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
- 21.28.1. Convenience factory functions
- 21.28.2. IP Addresses
- 21.28.3. IP Network definitions
- 21.28.4. Interface objects
  - 21.28.4.1. Operators
    - 21.28.4.1.1. Logical operators
- 21.28.5. Other Module Level Functions
- 21.28.6. Custom Exceptions