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2.727 E F1 .227(will only dis-)2.727 F .524(play the \214rst manual pag\
e it \214nds that meets the search criteria. Using the)72 660 R F0
<adad616c6c>3.025 E F1(ar)3.025 E .525(gument will cause)-.18 F F0(man)
3.025 E F1
(to attempt to display all manual pages that meet the criteria. See)72
672 Q F0(man)2.5 E F1($1$ for further information.)A(Ha)72 688.2 Q
(ving an e)-.2 E(xcess of sections listed will not slo)-.15 E(w)-.25 E
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(October 8, 2021)132.26 E 2.5(2.2.2. Specifying)72 96 R(an extension)2.5
E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(If the section is unkno)72 112.2 Q(wn, b)-.25 E
(ut the package e)-.2 E(xtension is, it is possible to use the e)-.15 E
(xtension ar)-.15 E(gument)-.18 E .4 LW 97 120.9 97 130.9 DL
(man \255e foo e)98.666 128.4 Q(xit)-.15 E 163.312 120.9 163.312 130.9
DL 102 120.9 97 120.9 DL 103.312 120.9 98.312 120.9 DL 108.312 120.9
103.312 120.9 DL 113.312 120.9 108.312 120.9 DL 118.312 120.9 113.312
120.9 DL 123.312 120.9 118.312 120.9 DL 128.312 120.9 123.312 120.9 DL
133.312 120.9 128.312 120.9 DL 138.312 120.9 133.312 120.9 DL 143.312
120.9 138.312 120.9 DL 148.312 120.9 143.312 120.9 DL 153.312 120.9
148.312 120.9 DL 158.312 120.9 153.312 120.9 DL 163.312 120.9 158.312
120.9 DL 102 130.9 97 130.9 DL 103.312 130.9 98.312 130.9 DL 108.312
130.9 103.312 130.9 DL 113.312 130.9 108.312 130.9 DL 118.312 130.9
113.312 130.9 DL 123.312 130.9 118.312 130.9 DL 128.312 130.9 123.312
130.9 DL 133.312 130.9 128.312 130.9 DL 138.312 130.9 133.312 130.9 DL
143.312 130.9 138.312 130.9 DL 148.312 130.9 143.312 130.9 DL 153.312
130.9 148.312 130.9 DL 158.312 130.9 153.312 130.9 DL 163.312 130.9
158.312 130.9 DL(to search in all sections for manual pages named)72
144.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(it).2 E F1(from package)2.5
E F2(foo)2.5 E F1(.)A F0(5)285.5 756 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 161.54(man\255db v2.7.6.1)72 60 R
(October 8, 2021)132.26 E 2.5(3. Filesystem)72 96 R(structur)2.5 E(e)
-.18 E 2.5(3.1. Manual)72 120 R(page hierar)2.5 E(chies)-.18 E/F1 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF .452(It is often common for manual page systems to ha)
72 136.2 R .752 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .452(ore than one manual page hierarch)
.15 F 4.252 -.65(y. I)-.05 H .452(ndeed one of).65 F
(the systems I use has the follo)72 148.2 Q
(wing globally accessible hierarchies)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/usr/man)97 164.4 Q(/usr/local/man)97 176.4 Q(/usr/local/te)97 188.4 Q
(x/man)-.2 E(/usr/local/pbm/man)97 200.4 Q(/usr/X11R6/man)97 212.4 Q
(/usr/openwin/man)97 224.4 Q(/usr/local/pac)97 236.4 Q(ka)-.2 E -.1(ge)
-.1 G(s/pvm/man).1 E F1 2.803(Af)72 252.6 S .303(ull system)-2.803 F/F3
9/Times-Roman@0 SF($)2.803 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MANP)A -.855(AT)-.666
G(H).855 E F1 -.1(wo)2.553 G .303
(uld be a colon separated list of these directories.).1 F .304
(The order is important, and)5.304 F .727(is observ)72 264.6 R .727
(ed by man\255db')-.15 F 3.226(ss)-.55 G .726(earch algorithms.)-3.226 F
.726(The order is v)5.726 F .726(ery much related to the user')-.15 F(s)
-.55 E F3($)3.226 E F4 -.666(PA)C(TH)-.189 E F1(en)2.976 E(viron-)-.4 E
(ment v)72 276.6 Q
(ariable, and should be set on a per user basis, or not set at all.)-.25
E(If a user')5 E(s)-.55 E F3($)2.5 E F4 -.666(PA)C(TH)-.189 E F1(causes)
2.25 E F2(/usr/local/pac)97 292.8 Q(ka)-.2 E -.1(ge)-.1 G(s/bin/foobar)
.1 E F1(to be e)72 309 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in preference to).15 E F2
(/usr/bin/foobar)97 325.2 Q F1(,)A(it is essential that)72 341.4 Q .4 LW
97 350.1 97 360.1 DL(man foobar)98.666 357.6 Q 146.152 350.1 146.152
360.1 DL 102 350.1 97 350.1 DL 106.152 350.1 101.152 350.1 DL 111.152
350.1 106.152 350.1 DL 116.152 350.1 111.152 350.1 DL 121.152 350.1
116.152 350.1 DL 126.152 350.1 121.152 350.1 DL 131.152 350.1 126.152
350.1 DL 136.152 350.1 131.152 350.1 DL 141.152 350.1 136.152 350.1 DL
146.152 350.1 141.152 350.1 DL 102 360.1 97 360.1 DL 106.152 360.1
101.152 360.1 DL 111.152 360.1 106.152 360.1 DL 116.152 360.1 111.152
360.1 DL 121.152 360.1 116.152 360.1 DL 126.152 360.1 121.152 360.1 DL
131.152 360.1 126.152 360.1 DL 136.152 360.1 131.152 360.1 DL 141.152
360.1 136.152 360.1 DL 146.152 360.1 141.152 360.1 DL
(displays the manual page located within)72 373.8 Q F2(/usr/local/pac)97
390 Q(ka)-.2 E -.1(ge)-.1 G(s/man).1 E F1(rather than within)72 406.2 Q
F2(/usr/shar)97 422.4 Q(e/man)-.37 E F1 2.45 -.8(To e)72 438.6 T .85
(nsure correct order).8 F 3.35(,t)-.4 G .85(he program)-3.35 F F0
(manpath)3.35 E F1 .851(may be used to set the)3.35 F F3($)3.351 E F4
(MANP)A -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1(en)3.101 E .851(vironment v)-.4 F
(ariable.)-.25 E(See)72 450.6 Q F0(manpath)2.5 E F1($1$ and)A F0
(manpath)2.5 E F1($5$ for details.)A F0 2.5(3.2. Setting)72 474.6 R
(the MANP)2.5 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F1
(If using a Bourne style login shell such as)72 490.8 Q F0(bash)2.5 E F1
(,)A F0(ksh)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F0(zsh)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C
(he commands)-2.5 E -.15(ex)97 507 S(port MANP).15 E -1.11(AT)-.92 G(H)
1.11 E(MANP)97 519 Q -1.11(AT)-.92 G(H=`manpath \255q`)1.11 E
(can be added to)72 535.2 Q F4($HOME)2.5 E F2(/.pr)A(o\214le)-.45 E F1
(If using a C style login shell such as)72 551.4 Q F0(csh)2.5 E F1(or)
2.5 E F0(tcsh)2.5 E F1 2.5(,t)C(he commands)-2.5 E(seten)97 567.6 Q 2.5
(vM)-.4 G(ANP)-2.5 E -1.11(AT)-.92 G 2.5(H`)1.11 G(manpath \255q`)-2.5 E
(can be added to)72 583.8 Q F4($HOME)2.5 E F2(/.lo)A(gin)-.1 E F1(N.B.)
72 600 Q F3($)5.037 E F4 -.666(PA)C(TH)-.189 E F1 .037
(must be set prior to using)2.287 F F0(manpath)2.537 E F1 5.037(.T)C
.037(he setting of)-5.037 F F3($)2.537 E F4(MANP)A -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F1 .036(is actually unnecessary as the)2.287 F
(man\255db utilities will dynamically determine the manpath if)72 612 Q
F3($)2.5 E F4(MANP)A -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1(is unset.)2.25 E F0
2.5(3.3. Determination)72 636 R(of the inter)2.5 E(nal manpath)-.15 E F1
.057(All man\255db utilities,)72 652.2 R F0(manpath)2.557 E F1 .057
(included, will use the user')2.557 F(s)-.55 E F3($)2.557 E F4(MANP)A
-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F1(en)2.307 E .057(vironment v)-.4 F .057
(ariable if set and not)-.25 F .28(equal to "".)72 664.2 R .28
(Otherwise the user')5.28 F(s)-.55 E F3($)2.78 E F4 -.666(PA)C(TH)-.189
E F1(en)2.53 E .28(vironment v)-.4 F .28(ariable is queried.)-.25 F .279
(If this is unset or is set to "", the)5.279 F
(determined manpath will simply be an)72 676.2 Q(y)-.15 E F0(MAND)97
692.4 Q -.78 -.95(AT O)-.35 H -.35(RY).95 G(_MANP).35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G
(H).95 E F1(elements de\214ned in the man\255db con\214g \214le.)72
708.6 Q F0(6)285.5 756 Q 0 Cg EP
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(October 8, 2021)132.26 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .395(Assuming that a)72
96 R/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF($)2.895 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)C(TH)
-.189 E F1 -.15(ex)2.645 G .396(ists, each path element it contains is \
scanned for in the con\214g \214le.).15 F .396(If found, the)5.396 F
.542(corresponding manpath element is appended to the internal manpath.)
72 108 R(Ho)5.541 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.341 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.041
(ft).4 G .541(he element is not men-)-3.041 F 1.646
(tioned in the con\214g \214le, a man directory relati)72 120 R 1.946
-.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.147(oi).15 G 4.147(tw)-4.147 G 1.647(ill be sought.)
-4.147 F 1.647(The subdirectories)6.647 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(../man)4.147 E F1(,)A F4(man)4.147 E F1(,)A F4(../shar)72 132 Q(e/man)
-.37 E F1 3.983(,o)C(r)-3.983 E F4(shar)3.983 E(e/man)-.37 E F1(relati)
3.983 E 1.783 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.983(ot).15 G 1.483
(he path component are appended to the internal manpath if the)-3.983 F
(y)-.15 E -.15(ex)72 144 S 3.285(ist. Finally).15 F 3.285(,t)-.65 G .786
(he internal manpath is stripped of duplicate paths before being proces\
sed by the)-3.285 F F0(NLS)3.286 E F1(and)3.286 E .512
(`Other OS' routines.)72 156 R .511
(These may add to or modify the separate path elements gi)5.512 F .511
(ving priority to)-.25 F F0(NLS)3.011 E F1(man-)3.011 E
(ual pages or add OS-relati)72 168 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.25 H(anpaths.).15 E
F0 2.5(3.4. Other)72 192 R(OS')2.5 E 2.5(sm)-.37 G(anual pages)-2.5 E F1
.128(It is common to ha)72 208.2 R .428 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .128
(ollections of heterogeneous computer systems link).15 F .128
(ed together in a netw)-.1 F 2.629(ork. In)-.1 F(some)2.629 E
(circumstances)72 222.2 Q/F5 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(5)-4 I F1 .013
(it is adv)2.513 4 N .013(antageous to be able to access the manual pag\
es of these other systems directly from)-.25 F .386(your system.)72
234.2 R .386(This feature is kno)5.386 F .386
(wn as alternate system support.)-.25 F .387(The accepted w)5.387 F .387
(ay to setup this support is)-.1 F .861(to NFS mount the respecti)72
246.2 R 1.161 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .861
(ystems' manual page hierarchies under the nati).15 F 1.16 -.15(ve m)
-.25 H .86(anual page hierarchies.).15 F(An e)72 258.2 Q(xample:)-.15 E
.4 LW 361.93 278.9 214.07 278.9 DL 13.77(System Manual)219.07 288.4 R
(page hierarch)2.5 E(y)-.05 E 361.93 292.9 214.07 292.9 DL 12.5
(<local> /usr/share/man)219.07 302.4 R(ne)219.07 314.4 Q 14.03
(wOS /usr/share/man/ne)-.25 F(wOS)-.25 E 18.78
(userix /usr/share/man/userix)219.07 326.4 R 12.5
(<local> /usr/local/man)219.07 338.4 R(ne)219.07 350.4 Q 14.03
(wOS /usr/local/man/ne)-.25 F(wOS)-.25 E 18.78
(userix /usr/local/man/userix)219.07 362.4 R 361.93 366.9 214.07 366.9
DL 257.29 278.9 257.29 366.9 DL 361.93 278.9 361.93 366.9 DL 214.07
278.9 214.07 366.9 DL(Rather than ha)72 390.6 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ulti\
ple NFS mounts from a single machine, this may be accomplished by NFS m\
ounting).15 E F4(<other)97 406.8 Q(-sys>:/usr)-.2 E F1(some)72 423 Q
1.003(where on the local system and using symbolic links within the man\
ual hierarchies.)-.25 F 2.604 -.8(To a)6.004 H 1.004(ccess these).8 F F4
(alternate systems)72 435 Q F1(using)2.5 E F0(man)2.5 E F1(use the)2.5 E
F0<ad6d>2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F0(\255\255systems)2.5 E F1(option, e)2.5 E
(g.)-.15 E 97 443.7 97 453.7 DL
(man \255\255all \255\255systems userix:ne)98.666 451.2 Q(wOS 5 passwd)
-.25 E 285.132 443.7 285.132 453.7 DL 102 443.7 97 443.7 DL 105.132
443.7 100.132 443.7 DL 110.132 443.7 105.132 443.7 DL 115.132 443.7
110.132 443.7 DL 120.132 443.7 115.132 443.7 DL 125.132 443.7 120.132
443.7 DL 130.132 443.7 125.132 443.7 DL 135.132 443.7 130.132 443.7 DL
140.132 443.7 135.132 443.7 DL 145.132 443.7 140.132 443.7 DL 150.132
443.7 145.132 443.7 DL 155.132 443.7 150.132 443.7 DL 160.132 443.7
155.132 443.7 DL 165.132 443.7 160.132 443.7 DL 170.132 443.7 165.132
443.7 DL 175.132 443.7 170.132 443.7 DL 180.132 443.7 175.132 443.7 DL
185.132 443.7 180.132 443.7 DL 190.132 443.7 185.132 443.7 DL 195.132
443.7 190.132 443.7 DL 200.132 443.7 195.132 443.7 DL 205.132 443.7
200.132 443.7 DL 210.132 443.7 205.132 443.7 DL 215.132 443.7 210.132
443.7 DL 220.132 443.7 215.132 443.7 DL 225.132 443.7 220.132 443.7 DL
230.132 443.7 225.132 443.7 DL 235.132 443.7 230.132 443.7 DL 240.132
443.7 235.132 443.7 DL 245.132 443.7 240.132 443.7 DL 250.132 443.7
245.132 443.7 DL 255.132 443.7 250.132 443.7 DL 260.132 443.7 255.132
443.7 DL 265.132 443.7 260.132 443.7 DL 270.132 443.7 265.132 443.7 DL
275.132 443.7 270.132 443.7 DL 280.132 443.7 275.132 443.7 DL 285.132
443.7 280.132 443.7 DL 102 453.7 97 453.7 DL 105.132 453.7 100.132 453.7
DL 110.132 453.7 105.132 453.7 DL 115.132 453.7 110.132 453.7 DL 120.132
453.7 115.132 453.7 DL 125.132 453.7 120.132 453.7 DL 130.132 453.7
125.132 453.7 DL 135.132 453.7 130.132 453.7 DL 140.132 453.7 135.132
453.7 DL 145.132 453.7 140.132 453.7 DL 150.132 453.7 145.132 453.7 DL
155.132 453.7 150.132 453.7 DL 160.132 453.7 155.132 453.7 DL 165.132
453.7 160.132 453.7 DL 170.132 453.7 165.132 453.7 DL 175.132 453.7
170.132 453.7 DL 180.132 453.7 175.132 453.7 DL 185.132 453.7 180.132
453.7 DL 190.132 453.7 185.132 453.7 DL 195.132 453.7 190.132 453.7 DL
200.132 453.7 195.132 453.7 DL 205.132 453.7 200.132 453.7 DL 210.132
453.7 205.132 453.7 DL 215.132 453.7 210.132 453.7 DL 220.132 453.7
215.132 453.7 DL 225.132 453.7 220.132 453.7 DL 230.132 453.7 225.132
453.7 DL 235.132 453.7 230.132 453.7 DL 240.132 453.7 235.132 453.7 DL
245.132 453.7 240.132 453.7 DL 250.132 453.7 245.132 453.7 DL 255.132
453.7 250.132 453.7 DL 260.132 453.7 255.132 453.7 DL 265.132 453.7
260.132 453.7 DL 270.132 453.7 265.132 453.7 DL 275.132 453.7 270.132
453.7 DL 280.132 453.7 275.132 453.7 DL 285.132 453.7 280.132 453.7 DL
-.1(wo)72 467.4 S 1.039(uld pro).1 F 1.039(vide manual pages sho)-.15 F
1.039(wing the structure of)-.25 F F4(/etc/passwd)3.539 E F1 1.039
(on systems)3.539 F F0(userix)3.538 E F1(and)3.538 E F0(newOS)3.538 E F1
1.038(in that)3.538 F(order)72 479.4 Q 5.027(.A)-.55 G .027
(manual page w)-2.5 F(ould)-.1 E F4(not)2.527 E F1 .028
(be displayed about the local systems con)2.527 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.528
(ntions. Please).15 F .028(read the rele)2.528 F -.25(va)-.25 G(nt).25 E
(man\255db utility')72 491.4 Q 2.5(sm)-.55 G
(anual page for further and more speci\214c information.)-2.5 E F0 2.5
(3.5. NLS)72 515.4 R(manual pages)2.5 E F1 1.203(NLS manual pages shoul\
d be installed in NLS subdirectories of a standard manual page hierarch)
72 531.6 R 5.003 -.65(y. T)-.05 H(he).65 E .276
(subdirectory names should be made up of language, territory)72 543.6 R
2.776(,a)-.65 G .276(nd character set components as necessary to)-2.776
F(specify the locale of the manual page.)72 555.6 Q .417(The character \
set component describes the encoding of the manual page itself, and not\
 the encoding in use)72 571.8 R .018
(by the user; a manual page installed under the)72 583.8 R F0(fr)2.518 E
(.UTF-8)-1 E F1 .018(subdirectory will be used in the)2.518 F F0
(fr_FR.ISO-8859-1)2.519 E F1 .07(locale as well as)72 595.8 R F0
(fr_FR.UTF-8)2.57 E F1 2.57(,a)C .07(nd con)-2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069
(rted between encodings as necessary).15 F 5.069(.I)-.65 G 2.569(fn)
-5.069 G 2.569(oc)-2.569 G .069(haracter set is speci-)-2.569 F .215(\
\214ed in the subdirectory name, man\255db will attempt to detect wheth\
er each page is encoded using UTF-8 or)72 607.8 R 3.381(al)72 619.8 S
-2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.381 H 1.181 -.15(cy c).15 H .881
(haracter set appropriate for the language.).15 F(Accordingly)5.881 E
3.381(,t)-.65 G .88(he recommended scheme for installing)-3.381 F .252
(manual pages is to encode them in UTF-8 $or)72 631.8 R 2.752(,i)-.4 G
2.752(ft)-2.752 G .253(hat is not practical, in the le)-2.752 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G .553 -.15(cy c).05 H .253(haracter set$ and install).15 F
(them in directories)72 643.8 Q F4(without)2.5 E F1 2.5(ac)2.5 G
(haracter set component in their names.)-2.5 E .131(The territory shoul\
d normally be omitted unless it is necessary to describe the manual pag\
e te)72 660 R 2.631(xt. F)-.15 F .131(or e)-.15 F(xam-)-.15 E 1.505(ple\
, Brazilian Portuguese is quite distinct from Portuguese and so should \
be installed under the)72 672 R F0(pt_BR)4.006 E .32 LW 76 681.6 72
681.6 DL 80 681.6 76 681.6 DL 84 681.6 80 681.6 DL 88 681.6 84 681.6 DL
92 681.6 88 681.6 DL 96 681.6 92 681.6 DL 100 681.6 96 681.6 DL 104
681.6 100 681.6 DL 108 681.6 104 681.6 DL 112 681.6 108 681.6 DL 116
681.6 112 681.6 DL 120 681.6 116 681.6 DL 124 681.6 120 681.6 DL 128
681.6 124 681.6 DL 132 681.6 128 681.6 DL 136 681.6 132 681.6 DL 140
681.6 136 681.6 DL 144 681.6 140 681.6 DL 148 681.6 144 681.6 DL 152
681.6 148 681.6 DL 156 681.6 152 681.6 DL 160 681.6 156 681.6 DL 164
681.6 160 681.6 DL 168 681.6 164 681.6 DL 172 681.6 168 681.6 DL 176
681.6 172 681.6 DL 180 681.6 176 681.6 DL 184 681.6 180 681.6 DL 188
681.6 184 681.6 DL 192 681.6 188 681.6 DL 196 681.6 192 681.6 DL 200
681.6 196 681.6 DL 204 681.6 200 681.6 DL 208 681.6 204 681.6 DL 212
681.6 208 681.6 DL 216 681.6 212 681.6 DL/F6 5/Times-Roman@0 SF(5)93.6
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(October 8, 2021)132.26 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(subdirectory)72 96 Q
3.022(,b)-.65 G .522(ut a single German manual page will typically suf)
-3.222 F .522(\214ce in Austria as well as in German)-.25 F 3.021(ya)
-.15 G(nd)-3.021 E(so should be installed under the)72 108 Q F0(de)2.5 E
F1(subdirectory)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The follo)72 124.2 Q(wing table gi)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ss).15 G(ome e)-2.5 E(xamples.)-.15 E .4 LW 465.895
144.9 110.105 144.9 DL 12.5(Language T)115.105 154.4 R 24.87
(erritory Character)-.7 F 31.68(Set Directory)2.5 F 465.895 158.9
110.105 158.9 DL 24.16(French an)115.105 168.4 R 136.81(y/)-.15 G
(usr/share/man/fr)-136.81 E(UTF-8 or)232.305 168.4 Q(ISO-8859-1)232.305
180.4 Q 24.16(French Canada)115.105 192.4 R(ISO 8859-1)32.78 E
(/usr/share/man/fr_CA)41.39 E 24.16(French an)115.105 204.4 R 48.48(yU)
-.15 G 58.61(TF-8 /usr/share/man/fr)-48.48 F(.UTF-8)-.55 E 19.72
(German German)115.105 216.4 R 25.71(yU)-.15 G 58.61
(TF-8 /usr/share/man/de_DE.UTF-8)-25.71 F 19.72(German Switzerland)
115.105 228.4 R(ISO 8859-1)15 E(/usr/share/man/de_CH.ISO-8859-1)41.39 E
16.39(Japanese Japan)115.105 240.4 R(UTF-8 or EUC-JP)40 E
(/usr/share/man/ja_JP)15 E 16.39(Japanese Japan)115.105 252.4 R 53.05
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(rhead on the for).15 F(-)-.2 E .715(matting process, b)72 148.2 R .715
(ut is ne)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .714
(rtheless usually reasonable in order to a).15 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .714
(id unnecessary consumption of disk).2 F(space.)72 160.2 Q(Presently)72
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(wn at compile time although an)-.25 F(y)-.15 E
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226.62 223.1 DL 43.06(gz gzip)231.62 232.6 R(\255dc)2.5 E 50.56(zg)
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(ompress \255dc)-48.89 E 349.38 261.1 226.62 261.1 DL 279.12 209.1
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DL .334(It is a relati)72 284.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .334
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(See)5.333 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(include/comp_sr)2.833 E(c.h)-.37 E
F1 .333(for details)2.833 F(and an e)72 296.8 Q(xample.)-.15 E .319(Sup\
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72 341.2 Q .086(This will enable a minor speed increase, b)72 357.4 R
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2.587 E F1 .087(and, if found,)2.587 F(all cat \214les produced by)72
421.6 Q F0(man)2.5 E F1(will be compressed with)2.5 E F0(gzip \2557c)97
437.8 Q F1(and ha)72 454 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H F0(.gz)2.65 E F1 -.15(ex)
2.5 G(tension appended.).15 E(If)5 E F0(gzip)2.5 E F1(is not found,)2.5
E F0(compr)97 470.2 Q(ess \255c)-.18 E F1
(is used as the compressor and the e)72 486.4 Q(xtension)-.15 E F0(.Z)
2.5 E F1(is appended.)2.5 E 1.844 -.8(To s)72 502.6 T .244
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.8 F .244(xtension processing completely)-.15 F 2.744(,e)-.65 G(dit)
-2.744 E F2(con\214g)72 514.6 Q(.h)-.15 E F1(and comment out the follo)
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(xtension is dependent on the def)-.15 F .529
(ault compressor and may be an empty string if the support for com-)-.1
F(pressed cats is disabled.)72 587.2 Q .15(It is possible for a system \
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ge hierarch)72 603.4 R 3.95 -.65(y. T)-.05 H(o)-.15 E(mak)72 615.4 Q
2.999(em)-.1 G .499(atters w)-2.999 F .499(orse, the)-.1 F 2.999(ym)-.15
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3.151(yc)-.15 G .652(ompression e)-3.151 F .652(xtension that is also)
-.15 F(supported for manual pages.)72 639.4 Q .054
(This special treatment of stray cat pages is remo)72 655.6 R -.15(ve)
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(5.1.)72 176.4 Q F2(GR)5 E(OFF)-.27 E F1 .303(If using the)72 192.6 R F2
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237.3 114.912 237.3 DL 124.912 237.3 119.912 237.3 DL 129.912 237.3
124.912 237.3 DL 134.912 237.3 129.912 237.3 DL 139.912 237.3 134.912
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247.3 104.912 247.3 DL 114.912 247.3 109.912 247.3 DL 119.912 247.3
114.912 247.3 DL 124.912 247.3 119.912 247.3 DL 129.912 247.3 124.912
247.3 DL 134.912 247.3 129.912 247.3 DL 139.912 247.3 134.912 247.3 DL
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3.402 E .903(all \255mtty-char \255T)-.65 F(ascii)-.92 E F1 3.403(,p)C
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(.)-.65 E F0 2.5(5.2. De)72 385.8 R(vices)-.15 E F1(Both)72 402 Q F2(NR)
3.882 E(OFF)-.27 E F1(and)3.882 E F2(GR)3.882 E(OFF)-.27 E F1 1.382
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(produces output suitable for a)3.137 F F0(C/A/T)3.137 E F1(and)3.137 E
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(produces output suitable for a PostScript interpreting de)2.5 E
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(During con\214guration,)72 494.4 R F0(con\214gur)2.982 E(e)-.18 E F1
.481
(will attempt to determine a suitable macro set for the local system')
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(It is possible to assign a def)72 200.2 R .42(ault pre-processor list \
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3.037 E F1 .537(processing by def)3.037 F 3.036(ault. T)-.1 F 3.036(oc)
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2.326(Pre-process options may be pro)72 284.8 R 2.326
(vided at run time in v)-.15 F 2.326(arious forms, b)-.25 F 2.326
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325 S(FF).36 E F1 .181
(requests used to pass input to certain pre-processors.)2.68 F .181
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5.398 H .398(ackle such problems, special format scripts may be created\
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(An e)72 566.8 R .295(xample of such a script, supplied by Markus Armbr\
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(performing a manual page lookup or a basic)2.9 F F0(whatis)2.9 E F1 .4
(search, the databases are searched)2.9 F(in)72 136.2 Q/F2 10
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(whatis)3.933 E F1 .107
(searches, the databases are searched in a linear w)72 180.6 R(ay)-.1 E
2.607(,w)-.65 G .107(hich, although f)-2.607 F .107(ar more e)-.1 F
(xpensi)-.15 E .407 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(han).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.606 G(yed)-.2
E F1(lookup,)2.606 E(is no w)72 192.6 Q(orse than traditional te)-.1 E
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.068(can be)2.568 F(compiled without database maintenance support.)72
280.8 Q(See the section titled "Modes of operation" for details.)5 E F0
2.5(6.1.1. Manual)72 304.8 R(hierar)2.5 E(chies with no index database)
-.18 E F1 .729(It is possible for the man\255db utilities to operate wi\
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F .73(such circum-)3.23 F .921(stances, search methods will use only \
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3.42(yt)-.15 G(radi-)-3.42 E(tional whatis te)72 345 Q
(xt databases that may e)-.15 E 2.5(xist. Only)-.15 F
(the traditional cat hierarch)2.5 E 2.5(yi)-.05 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
(earched for cat \214les.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.2. User)72 369 R
(manual page hierar)2.5 E(chies)-.18 E F1 3.064(Au)72 385.2 S .564
(ser may ha)-3.064 F .865 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .865 -.15(ny n).15 H .565
(umber of personal manual page hierarchies listed in their).15 F/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF($)3.065 E/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MANP)A -.855(AT)-.666 G
(H).855 E F1 5.565(.B)C 3.065(yd)-5.565 G(ef)-3.065 E(ault,)-.1 E F0
(man)72 397.2 Q F1 .338(will maintain)2.838 F F0(mandb)2.838 E F1 .337
(created databases at the root of user manual page hierarchies.)2.838 F
.337(The de\214nition of)5.337 F 2.693(au)72 409.2 S .193
(ser manual hierarch)-2.693 F 2.693(yi)-.05 G 2.693(st)-2.693 G .193
(hat it does not ha)-2.693 F .493 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.693(ne).15 G .194
(ntry in the man\255db con\214guration \214le.)-2.693 F(See)5.194 E F0
(manpath)2.694 E F1($5$)A(for details.)72 421.2 Q F0 2.5
(6.2. Contents)72 445.2 R(of an index database)2.5 E F1
(There are four kinds of entry in an inde)72 461.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G
(atabase.)-2.5 E 12.5($1$ A)77 477.6 R .492(direct entry re)2.992 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G .491(rding a particular manual page.).05 F .491
(Manual pages that are unique in terms of name)5.491 F
(use just a single entry in the database and can be look)103.66 489.6 Q
(ed up by simply using the name as the k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)-.5 E
12.5($2$ A)77 505.8 R .743(common name inde)3.242 F 3.243(xe)-.15 G
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(mon inde)103.66 517.8 R 2.648(xe)-.15 G .148(ntry name.)-2.648 F .148
(Manual pages that share common names b)5.148 F .148(ut ha)-.2 F .448
-.15(ve d)-.2 H(if).15 E .147(fering e)-.25 F .147(xtensions each)-.15 F
(ha)103.66 529.8 Q 1.08 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .78(ingle database entry).15 F
3.28(,b)-.65 G .78(ut this time the)-3.48 F 3.281(ya)-.15 G .781
(re look)-3.281 F .781(ed up with a k)-.1 F 1.081 -.15(ey c)-.1 H .781
(omprised of their name).15 F .253(and their e)103.66 541.8 R 2.753
(xtension. The)-.15 F .252
(entire set of common named pages also has an common name inde)2.753 F
2.752(xe)-.15 G(ntry)-2.752 E(that informs of the e)103.66 553.8 Q
(xtensions a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable.).25 E 12.5($3$ An)77 570 R
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(.M)-.65 G .616(anual pages that are whatis references to a)-5.616 F .31
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(xist so the)-.15 F 2.809(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.809 H 2.809(ap)
3.009 G .309(ointer to the entry containing the location of)-2.809 F
(the real manual page.)103.66 594 Q 12.5($4$ Special)77 610.2 R .873
(identi\214cation entries.)3.373 F .874(There is one special k)5.874 F
1.174 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .874(ame, \231$v).15 F .874
(ersion$\232 that identi\214es the data-)-.15 F(base storage scheme v)
103.66 622.2 Q(ersion.)-.15 E .341
(In order to support looking up manual pages in a case-insensiti)72
638.4 R .641 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .341(ashion, k).05 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.841
(sa).15 G .341(re stored in lo)-2.841 F .341(wer case.)-.25 F(If)5.341 E
.493(the name of the page w)72 650.4 R .493(as not already in lo)-.1 F
.494(wer case, its true case is also stored in the common name inde)-.25
F(x)-.15 E(entry)72 662.4 Q(.)-.65 E .406(In the follo)72 678.6 R .406(\
wing entries, the character \231|\232 will be used to separate the \214\
elds. In reality a tab is used.)-.25 F(Direct)5.406 E
(and indirect entries tak)72 690.6 Q(es the form:)-.1 E F2(<name>)97
706.8 Q F3<ae>4.065 E F2(<r)4.065 E(ealname>|<e)-.37 E(xt>|<sec>|<mtime)
-.2 E(.sec>|<mtime)-.15 E(.nsec>|<ID>|<r)-.15 E(ef>|<\214lter>|<comp>|)
-.37 E(<whatis>)97 718.8 Q F0(14)283 756 Q 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 161.54(man\255db v2.7.6.1)72 60 R
(October 8, 2021)132.26 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Common name inde)72 96
Q 2.5(xe)-.15 G(ntries tak)-2.5 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he form:)-2.5 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(<name>)97 112.2 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF<ae>3.915 E F2(|<r)
3.915 E(ealname1>|<e)-.37 E(xt1>|<r)-.2 E(ealname2>|<e)-.37 E(xt2>|<r)
-.2 E(ealname3>|<e)-.37 E 1.414(xt3>| .)-.2 F -1.918 1.666(.. <)1.666 H
-.37(re)-1.666 G(alnamen>|).37 E(<e)97 124.2 Q(xtn>)-.2 E F1
(and common name direct or indirect entries tak)72 140.4 Q 2.5(et)-.1 G
(he form:)-2.5 E F2(<name>|<e)97 156.6 Q(xt>)-.2 E F3<ae>9.165 E F2(<r)
9.165 E(ealname>|<e)-.37 E(xt>|<sec>|<mtime)-.2 E(.sec>|<mtime)-.15 E
(.nsec>|<ID>|<r)-.15 E(ef>|<\214lter>|)-.37 E(<comp>|<whatis>)97 168.6 Q
F1(where in each case the \214lename being represented is formed as)72
184.8 Q F2(<manual_hier)97 201 Q(ar)-.15 E -.15(ch)-.37 G
(y>/man<sec>/<name>.<e).15 E(xt>.<comp>)-.2 E F1
(in the case of a manual page, or)72 217.2 Q F2(<cat_hier)97 233.4 Q(ar)
-.15 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(y>/cat<sec>/<name>.<e).15 E(xt>.<comp>)-.2 E F1
(in the case of a stray cat.)72 249.6 Q .231(If an)72 265.8 R 2.731(yo)
-.15 G 2.731(ft)-2.731 G .231(he \214elds w)-2.731 F .231(ould be empty)
-.1 F 2.731(,as)-.65 G .23(ingle \231\255\232 is stored in its place.)
-2.731 F F2(<comp>)5.23 E F1 .23(represents the compression)2.73 F -.15
(ex)72 277.8 S(tension,).15 E F2(<mtime)2.611 E(.sec>)-.15 E F1 .112
(is an inte)2.611 F .112(ger representing the seconds part of the last \
modi\214cation time of the man-)-.15 F .312(ual page,)72 289.8 R F2
(<mtime)2.812 E(.nsec>)-.15 E F1 .312(is an inte)2.812 F .311(ger repre\
senting the nanoseconds part of the last modi\214cation time of the)-.15
F .313(manual page,)72 301.8 R F2(<r)2.813 E(ef>)-.37 E F1 .314
(points to the entry containing the location of the real page,)2.813 F
F2(<ID>)2.814 E F1 .314(is one of the follo)2.814 F(w-)-.25 E
(ing identi\214cation letters, and)72 313.8 Q F2(<\214lter>)2.5 E F1
(represents an)2.5 E 2.5(yp)-.15 G
(reprocessors that are needed to display the page.)-2.5 E .4 LW 462.31
334.5 113.69 334.5 DL 12.5(ID #de\214ne)118.69 344 R(Description)51.66 E
462.31 348.5 113.69 348.5 DL 18.33(AU)118.69 358 S -.92(LT)-18.33 G
31.75(_MAN ultimate).92 F(manual page, the full source nrof)2.5 E 2.5
<668c>-.25 G(le)-2.5 E 18.88(BS)118.69 370 S 37.49(O_MAN manual)-18.88 F
(page containing a .so request to an UL)2.5 E(T_MAN)-.92 E 18.88(CW)
118.69 382 S(HA)-18.88 E 12.5(TIS_MAN virtual)-1.11 F
(whatis referenced page pointing to an UL)2.5 E(T_MAN)-.92 E 18.33(DS)
118.69 394 S(TRA)-18.33 E(Y_CA)-1.05 E 25.48(Tc)-1.11 G
(at page with no source manual page)-25.48 E 19.44(EW)118.69 406 S(HA)
-19.44 E(TIS_CA)-1.11 E 19.44(Tv)-1.11 G
(irtual whatis referenced page pointing to a STRA)-19.44 E(Y_CA)-1.05 E
(T)-1.11 E 462.31 410.5 113.69 410.5 DL 217.84 334.5 217.84 410.5 DL
136.74 334.5 136.74 410.5 DL 462.31 334.5 462.31 410.5 DL 113.69 334.5
113.69 410.5 DL(The)72 434.2 Q F2(ID)2.763 E F1 .263
(illustrates the precedence.)2.763 F .263
(Some types of manual page can be referenced by se)5.263 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .263(ral means, e.g. .so).15 F .211(requested and whatis referred.)72
446.2 R .212(In such a case, only one reference must be stored in the d\
atabase, the prece-)5.211 F(dence le)72 458.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ld)
.15 G(ecides which.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.2.1. F)72 482.2 R -2.1 -.25(av o)
-.25 H(uring stray cats).25 E F1 -.4(Wi)72 498.4 S 1.444(th the abo).4 F
1.744 -.15(ve r)-.15 H 1.444(ules of precedence, it is possible for a v)
.15 F 1.444(alid stray cat page to be replaced by a whatis)-.25 F
(referred page sharing identical name-space.)72 510.4 Q .028(If you w)72
526.6 R .028(ould lik)-.1 F 2.528(et)-.1 G 2.528(os)-2.528 G .028
(ee the stray cat page)-2.528 F F0(kill)2.528 E F1 .028
($1$ instead of the)B F0(bash_b)2.529 E(uiltins)-.2 E F1 .029
($1$ page referenced by)B F0(kill)2.529 E F1($1$,)A(edit)72 538.6 Q
F2(include/mancon\214g)2.5 E(.h)-.15 E F1(and un-comment the follo)2.5 E
(wing line)-.25 E(/* #de\214ne F)72 554.8 Q -.2 -1.35(AV O)-.74 H
(UR_STRA)1.35 E(YCA)-1.05 E(TS */)-1.11 E F0 2.5(6.2.2. Accessdb)72
578.8 R F1 3.145(As)72 595 S .645(imple program,)-3.145 F F0(accessdb)
3.145 E F1 .645(is included with man\255db)3.145 F 5.644(.I)-.4 G 3.144
(tw)-5.644 G .644(ill output the data contained within a man\255db)
-3.144 F 1.603(database in a human readable form.)72 607 R 1.603(By def)
6.603 F 1.603(ault, it will)-.1 F F2(dump)4.103 E F1 1.603
(the data from)4.103 F F2(/var/cac)4.103 E(he/man/inde)-.15 E(x.<db-)-.2
E(type>)72 619 Q F1 2.5(,w)C(here)-2.5 E F2(<db-type>)2.5 E F1
(is dependent on the database library in use.)2.5 E .192
(Supplying an ar)72 635.2 R .191(gument to)-.18 F F0(accessdb)2.691 E F1
.191(will o)2.691 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .191(rride this def).15 F 2.691
(ault. T)-.1 F .191(abs are replaced in the output by a tilde \231~\232)
-.8 F(in the)72 647.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y)-.2 E F1
(\214eld and a single space in the)2.5 E F2(content)2.5 E F1(\214eld.)
2.5 E F0 2.5(6.2.3. Example)72 671.2 R(database)2.5 E F1(As an e)72
687.4 Q(xample of both)-.15 E F0(accessdb)2.5 E F1
(and the database storage method, the output of)2.5 E F0(15)283 756 Q 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 161.54(man\255db v2.7.6.1)72 60 R
(October 8, 2021)132.26 E .4 LW 97 88.5 97 98.5 DL/F1 10/Times-Roman@0
SF(src/accessdb man/inde)98.666 96 Q(x.bt)-.15 E 205.162 88.5 205.162
98.5 DL 102 88.5 97 88.5 DL 105.162 88.5 100.162 88.5 DL 110.162 88.5
105.162 88.5 DL 115.162 88.5 110.162 88.5 DL 120.162 88.5 115.162 88.5
DL 125.162 88.5 120.162 88.5 DL 130.162 88.5 125.162 88.5 DL 135.162
88.5 130.162 88.5 DL 140.162 88.5 135.162 88.5 DL 145.162 88.5 140.162
88.5 DL 150.162 88.5 145.162 88.5 DL 155.162 88.5 150.162 88.5 DL
160.162 88.5 155.162 88.5 DL 165.162 88.5 160.162 88.5 DL 170.162 88.5
165.162 88.5 DL 175.162 88.5 170.162 88.5 DL 180.162 88.5 175.162 88.5
DL 185.162 88.5 180.162 88.5 DL 190.162 88.5 185.162 88.5 DL 195.162
88.5 190.162 88.5 DL 200.162 88.5 195.162 88.5 DL 205.162 88.5 200.162
88.5 DL 102 98.5 97 98.5 DL 105.162 98.5 100.162 98.5 DL 110.162 98.5
105.162 98.5 DL 115.162 98.5 110.162 98.5 DL 120.162 98.5 115.162 98.5
DL 125.162 98.5 120.162 98.5 DL 130.162 98.5 125.162 98.5 DL 135.162
98.5 130.162 98.5 DL 140.162 98.5 135.162 98.5 DL 145.162 98.5 140.162
98.5 DL 150.162 98.5 145.162 98.5 DL 155.162 98.5 150.162 98.5 DL
160.162 98.5 155.162 98.5 DL 165.162 98.5 160.162 98.5 DL 170.162 98.5
165.162 98.5 DL 175.162 98.5 170.162 98.5 DL 180.162 98.5 175.162 98.5
DL 185.162 98.5 180.162 98.5 DL 190.162 98.5 185.162 98.5 DL 195.162
98.5 190.162 98.5 DL 200.162 98.5 195.162 98.5 DL 205.162 98.5 200.162
98.5 DL(after \214rst running)72 112.2 Q 97 120.9 97 130.9 DL
(src/mandb man)98.666 128.4 Q 161.712 120.9 161.712 130.9 DL 102 120.9
97 120.9 DL 106.712 120.9 101.712 120.9 DL 111.712 120.9 106.712 120.9
DL 116.712 120.9 111.712 120.9 DL 121.712 120.9 116.712 120.9 DL 126.712
120.9 121.712 120.9 DL 131.712 120.9 126.712 120.9 DL 136.712 120.9
131.712 120.9 DL 141.712 120.9 136.712 120.9 DL 146.712 120.9 141.712
120.9 DL 151.712 120.9 146.712 120.9 DL 156.712 120.9 151.712 120.9 DL
161.712 120.9 156.712 120.9 DL 102 130.9 97 130.9 DL 106.712 130.9
101.712 130.9 DL 111.712 130.9 106.712 130.9 DL 116.712 130.9 111.712
130.9 DL 121.712 130.9 116.712 130.9 DL 126.712 130.9 121.712 130.9 DL
131.712 130.9 126.712 130.9 DL 136.712 130.9 131.712 130.9 DL 141.712
130.9 136.712 130.9 DL 146.712 130.9 141.712 130.9 DL 151.712 130.9
146.712 130.9 DL 156.712 130.9 151.712 130.9 DL 161.712 130.9 156.712
130.9 DL(from the top le)72 144.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lb).15 G
(uild directory is included belo)-2.7 E -.65(w.)-.25 G($v)72 160.8 Q
(ersion$ -> "2.5.0")-.15 E(accessdb -> "- 8 8 1410381979 324541691 A - \
- - dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format")
72 172.8 Q(apropos -> "- 1 1 1410381979 268541692 A - - - search the ma\
nual page names and descriptions")72 184.8 Q(catman -> "- 8 8 141038197\
9 328541691 A - - - create or update the pre-formatted manual pages")72
196.8 Q(le)72 208.8 Q(xgrog -> "- 1 1 1410381979 268541692 A - - - pars\
e header information in man pages")-.15 E
(man -> "- 1 1 1410381979 280541692 A - t - an interf)72 220.8 Q
(ace to the on-line reference manuals")-.1 E(mancon)72 232.8 Q 2.5(v-)
-.4 G 2.5(>")-2.5 G 2.5(-111)-2.5 G(410381979 272541692 A - - - con)-2.5
E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt manual page from one encoding to another").15 E(mand\
b -> "- 8 8 1410381979 324541691 A - t - create or update the manual pa\
ge inde)72 244.8 Q 2.5(xc)-.15 G(aches")-2.5 E
(manpath -> " manpath 5 manpath 1")72 256.8 Q(manpath~1 -> "- 1 1 14103\
81979 300541691 A - - - determine search path for manual pages")72 268.8
Q(manpath~5 -> "- 5 5 1410381979 304541691 A - - - format of the /etc/m\
anpath.con\214g \214le")72 280.8 Q(whatis -> "- 1 1 1410381979 30054169\
1 A - - - display one-line manual page descriptions")72 292.8 Q(zsoelim\
 -> "- 1 1 1410381979 304541691 A - - - satisfy .so requests in rof)72
304.8 Q 2.5(fi)-.25 G(nput")-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.3. Database)72 328.8 R
(types)2.5 E F1 .574(man\255db has support for v)72 345 R .574
(arious lo)-.25 F 3.074(wl)-.25 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-3.074 H 3.074(ld).25
G .574(atabase libraries commonly in use today)-3.074 F 5.575(.T)-.65 G
.575(he interf)-5.575 F .575(aces to the)-.1 F(libraries are kno)72 357
Q(wn as)-.25 E 5<836e>77 373.2 S(dbm $)-5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(UNIX)A
F1($)A 5<8367>77 385.2 S(dbm $)-5 E F2(GNU)A F1($)A 5<8362>77 397.2 S
(tree $Berk)-5 E(ele)-.1 E 2.5(yD)-.15 G(B$)-2.5 E
(man\255db currently does not hold more than one database open at an)72
413.4 Q 2.5(yt)-.15 G(ime, so)-2.5 E 5<8364>77 429.6 S(bm $)-5 E F2
(UNIX)A F1($)A(support could be added in the future.)72 445.8 Q F0 2.5
(6.4. Limitations)72 469.8 R F1(The general dif)72 486 Q
(ferences and limitations are best compared in a table.)-.25 E 457.77
506.7 118.23 506.7 DL(Content memory)270.14 516.2 Q 345.56 520.7 262.22
520.7 DL(File)229.655 517.2 Q(Concurrent)353.205 517.2 Q 27.565
(name type)226.605 530.2 R 22.37(limit access)23.61 F(Name)123.23 523.2
Q -.8(Ty)173.755 523.2 S(pe).8 E(Shareable)413.34 523.2 Q 457.77 534.7
118.23 534.7 DL 13.6(ndbm hash)123.23 546.2 R(inde)39.71 E(x)-.15 E/F3 7
/Times-Roman@0 SF(10)-4 I F1 25.83(static 1Kb)20.5 4 N 38.34(none no)
16.68 F 13.6(gdbm hash)123.23 558.2 R(inde)39.71 E 12.5
(x.db dynamic \255)-.15 F(\214le locking)28.26 E(no)15 E 16.39
(btree binary)123.23 570.2 R 12.5(tree inde)2.5 F 14.72(x.bt static)-.15
F 28.26<ad6e>28.33 G 38.34(one yes)-28.26 F 457.77 574.7 118.23 574.7 DL
405.84 506.7 405.84 574.7 DL 345.56 506.7 345.56 574.7 DL 311.66 520.7
311.66 574.7 DL 262.22 506.7 262.22 574.7 DL 212.65 506.7 212.65 574.7
DL 154.61 506.7 154.61 574.7 DL 457.77 506.7 457.77 574.7 DL 118.23
506.7 118.23 574.7 DL .09(Those types that ha)72 598.4 R .39 -.15(ve n)
-.2 H 2.59(ob).15 G .09(uilt in concurrent access strate)-2.79 F .09
(gy are pro)-.15 F .09(vided with)-.15 F F0(\215ock)2.59 E F1 .09
($2$ based \214le locking by)B(man\255db)72 610.4 Q(.)-.4 E(Berk)72
626.6 Q(ele)-.1 E 2.999(yD)-.15 G 2.999(Bi)-2.999 G .499
(nitializes its databases v)-2.999 F .499(ery quickly)-.15 F 2.999(,s)
-.65 G(o)-2.999 E F0(btr)2.999 E(ee)-.18 E F1 .498(may ha)2.998 F .798
-.15(ve s)-.2 H .498(ome performance adv).15 F .498(antages when)-.25 F
(doing)72 638.6 Q F0(man)2.952 E F1 2.952(searches. Ho)2.952 F(we)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.252 -.4(r, i).15 H 2.952(ti).4 G 2.953(sq)-2.952 G .453
(uite hea)-2.953 F .453(vyweight and its library SON)-.2 F .453
(AME and on-disk formats ha)-.35 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .71
(changed a number of times to pro)72 650.6 R .71
(vide features considerably be)-.15 F .71
(yond what man\255db needs, so the preferred)-.15 F .466(library interf)
72 662.6 R .466(ace is no)-.1 F(w)-.25 E F0(gdbm)2.966 E F1(.)A F0
(con\214gur)5.466 E(e)-.18 E F1 .466(will look for)2.966 F F0(gdbm)2.966
E F1(,)A F0(btr)2.966 E(ee)-.18 E F1 .466(and then \214nally)2.966 F F0
(ndbm)2.967 E F1 .467(routines when)2.967 F .32 LW 76 672.2 72 672.2 DL
80 672.2 76 672.2 DL 84 672.2 80 672.2 DL 88 672.2 84 672.2 DL 92 672.2
88 672.2 DL 96 672.2 92 672.2 DL 100 672.2 96 672.2 DL 104 672.2 100
672.2 DL 108 672.2 104 672.2 DL 112 672.2 108 672.2 DL 116 672.2 112
672.2 DL 120 672.2 116 672.2 DL 124 672.2 120 672.2 DL 128 672.2 124
672.2 DL 132 672.2 128 672.2 DL 136 672.2 132 672.2 DL 140 672.2 136
672.2 DL 144 672.2 140 672.2 DL 148 672.2 144 672.2 DL 152 672.2 148
672.2 DL 156 672.2 152 672.2 DL 160 672.2 156 672.2 DL 164 672.2 160
672.2 DL 168 672.2 164 672.2 DL 172 672.2 168 672.2 DL 176 672.2 172
672.2 DL 180 672.2 176 672.2 DL 184 672.2 180 672.2 DL 188 672.2 184
672.2 DL 192 672.2 188 672.2 DL 196 672.2 192 672.2 DL 200 672.2 196
672.2 DL 204 672.2 200 672.2 DL 208 672.2 204 672.2 DL 212 672.2 208
672.2 DL 216 672.2 212 672.2 DL/F4 5/Times-Roman@0 SF(10)93.6 682.6 Q/F5
8/Times-Roman@0 SF .142(ndbm databases are ph)2.143 3.2 N .142
(ysically represented by tw)-.04 F 2.142<6f8c>-.08 G(les,)-2.142 E/F6 8
/Times-Italic@0 SF(inde)2.142 E(x.dir)-.16 E F5(and)2.142 E F6(inde)
2.142 E(x.pa)-.16 E(g)-.08 E F5 2.142(,b)C .142
(ut are referred to simply as)-2.302 F F6(inde)2.142 E(x)-.16 E F5 .142
(by the in-)2.142 F(terf)72 695.4 Q(ace routines.)-.08 E F0(16)283 756 Q
0 Cg EP
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1.244(rdless of the potential \214le).05 F(locking problems.)72 144 Q
1.181(An e)72 160.2 R 1.181(xample w)-.15 F 1.181(ould be a user ha)-.1
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184.2 Q(ork.)-.1 E .618(In this conte)72 200.4 R .619
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(There are at least tw)72 212.4 Q 2.5(ow)-.1 G
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120 R(of operation)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .455
(The man\255db utilities can operate in man)72 136.2 R 2.956(yd)-.15 G
(if)-2.956 E .456(ferent modes, allo)-.25 F .456(wing v)-.25 F .456
(arying de)-.25 F .456(grees of freedom, function-)-.15 F
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($1$ Def)72 164.4 Q(ault mode)-.1 E F0(man)97 176.4 Q F1 .327
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-.35 F .326(ault and is changeable via options to)-.1 F F0(con\214gur)97
188.4 Q(e)-.18 E F1(.)A F0(mandb)6.755 E F1 4.255(,i)C 4.256(fr)-4.255 G
1.756(un by the superuser or MAN_O)-4.256 F 1.756
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F 1.489(the databases are created,)3.989 F F0(man)3.989 E F1 1.489
(will update entries in)3.989 F .018(them if it \214nds ne)97 212.4 R
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E F1 .019(\215ag is used$ or delete entries if manual)2.518 F .564
(pages are remo)97 224.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.064(d. In).15 F .563
(this mode it is possible for a malicious)3.064 F F0(man)3.063 E F1 .563
(user to deliberately lock a data-)3.063 F(base as a writer)97 236.4 Q
2.5(,t)-.4 G(hus den)-2.5 E(ying read access to other users.)-.15 E 1.07
(If cat directories e)97 248.4 R 1.07(xist and ha)-.15 F 1.37 -.15(ve t)
-.2 H 1.071(he correct permissions,).15 F F0(man)3.571 E F1 1.071
(will tak)3.571 F 3.571(ec)-.1 G 1.071(are of producing cat \214les.)
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(WNER. The)-.35 F(def)2.777 E .277
(ault permissions of both cat \214les and databases are)-.1 F(0644.)97
272.4 Q($2$ No man database updates)72 288.6 Q .098
(This mode also requires)97 300.6 R F0(man)2.599 E F1 .099
(to be setuid, b)2.599 F .099(ut is f)-.2 F -.2(avo)-.1 G .099
(ured where databases must be shared in an en).2 F(vi-)-.4 E .883
(ronment unfriendly to k)97 312.6 R .883(ernel locking procedures, e)-.1
F .883(g. NFS.)-.15 F .883(It also pre)5.883 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .883
(nts possible \231denial of ser).15 F(-)-.2 E .305
(vice\232 attacks by malicious)97 324.6 R F0(man)2.805 E F1 .305
(users as)2.805 F F0(man)2.805 E F1(ne)2.805 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.805(ro)
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5.305 G 1.215(replace the functionality lost by disallo)97 336.6 R(wing)
-.25 E F0(man)3.715 E F1 1.215(write access to the databases,)3.715 F F0
(mandb)3.715 E F1 1.215(should be)3.715 F .188(rerun whene)97 348.6 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.688(rn).15 G .688 -.25(ew m)-2.688 H .189
(anual pages are installed.).25 F(Otherwise,)5.189 E F0(man)2.689 E F1
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(to \214nd and display the ne)97 360.6 R .417
(wly added manual pages, and will ha)-.25 F .717 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.917
(ou).15 G .417(se the \214lesystem instead.)-2.917 F(Each)5.417 E(inde)
97 372.6 Q 2.651(xd)-.15 G .151(atabase may be o)-2.651 F .151
(wned by an arbitrary user who will ha)-.25 F .451 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .152
(ubsequent write access to the data-).15 F 2.5(base. Cat)97 384.6 R
(\214les are created in the same w)2.5 E(ay as for mode $1$ abo)-.1 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 1.6 -.8(To u)97 396.6 T
(se the man\255db utilities in this mode, gi).8 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
(he option `\255\255disable\255automatic\255update' to).15 E F0
(con\214gur)2.5 E(e)-.18 E F1(.)A
($3$ No man database updates or cat production)72 412.8 Q F0(man)97
424.8 Q F1 .023(is installed not setuid.)2.523 F .022
(This mode of operation probably of)5.023 F .022(fers the highest le)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.522(lo).15 G 2.522(fs)-2.522 G .022(ecurity b)
-2.522 F .022(ut it)-.2 F 1.028(requires higher le)97 436.8 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.029(ls of maintenance than other modes due to the restrictions\
 imposed upon).15 F F0(man)3.529 E F1(.)A .447(Each database is o)97
448.8 R .447(wned by an arbitrary user as in mode $2$.)-.25 F .447
(Each cat hierarch)5.447 F 2.947(yi)-.05 G 2.947(sa)-2.947 G .446(lso o)
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(arbitrary user who is responsible for creating cat \214les using)97
460.8 R F0(catman)3.183 E F1(whene)3.183 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(rn).15 G
1.183 -.25(ew m)-3.183 H .683(anual \214les are).25 F(installed.)97
472.8 Q F0(man)5.348 E F1 .348(will be completely passi)2.848 F .648
-.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.848(ni).15 G .348(ts action, i.e. no inde)-2.848 F
2.847(xd)-.15 G .347(atabases will be written to and)-2.847 F
(no cat \214les are e)97 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rp).15 G(roduced.)
-2.5 E 4.515 -.8(To u)97 496.8 T 2.915(se the man\255db utilities in th\
is mode, supply the options `\255\255disable\255cache\255o).8 F 2.915
(wner \255\255dis-)-.25 F .471(able\255setuid \255\255disable\255automa\
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(uild man\255db as in mode)-3.171 F
($1$ and install the binaries without the setuid bit set.)97 520.8 Q
($4$ W)72 537 Q(ide open)-.4 E F0(man)97 549 Q F1 .126
(is installed not setuid.)2.626 F .127
(This mode is similar in operation to the majority of v)5.126 F .127
(endor supplied, non)-.15 F .451
(setuid, cat \214le supporting manual pager suites.)97 561 R .451
(It is not recommended.)5.451 F .45(The databases are o)5.45 F .45
(wned by)-.25 F .894(an arbitrary user who maintains them using)97 573 R
F0(mandb)3.395 E F1(.)A F0(man)5.895 E F1 .895
(does not update the databases.)3.395 F .895(Cat \214les)5.895 F
(are produced and stored in w)97 585 Q
(orld writable cat directories and ha)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.2 H
(orld write access themselv).05 E(es.)-.15 E 4.515 -.8(To u)97 597 T
2.915(se the man\255db utilities in this mode, supply the options `\255\
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(able\255setuid \255\255disable\255automatic\255update' to)97 609 R F0
(con\214gur)2.564 E(e)-.18 E F1 2.564(,e)C(dit)-2.564 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(include/mancon\214g)2.564 E(.h)-.15 E F1 .065
(and change the def-)2.565 F(inition of CA)97 621 Q
(TMODE from 0644 to 0666.)-1.11 E .468(Other v)72 637.2 R .468
(ariations can also be used.)-.25 F .467(In f)5.467 F .467
(act it is possible for)-.1 F F0(man)2.967 E F1 .467
(to actually create inde)2.967 F 2.967(xd)-.15 G .467(atabases, usually)
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(is modi\214ed by supplying either of the follo)2.518 F .018
(wing options to)-.25 F F0(con-)2.518 E(\214gur)72 108 Q(e)-.18 E F1(:)A
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(ot squash).18 E F1(If)72 232.8 Q F0(man)3.081 E F1 .581(is installed s\
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(aining the ef)-.05 F(fecti)-.25 E .882 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .582(ser id of)
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(This is neccesary due to infelicities with the)6.024 F F0(POSIX)72
256.8 Q F1 1.211(setuid function call:)3.711 F 1.212(All users e)
6.212 F 1.212(xcept root may change to and from the ef)-.15 F(fecti)-.25
E 1.512 -.15(ve $)-.25 H 1.212(setuid$ user).15 F(,)-.4 E(ho)72 268.8
Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ro).15 G
(nce root has setuid$user$, there is no w)-2.5 E(ay back.)-.1 E 3.384
(As)72 285 S .884(ide ef)-3.384 F .884(fect of this is that)-.25 F F0
(NFS)3.383 E F1 .883
(mounted cat hierarchies or databases will be unwritable if the follo)
3.383 F(wing)-.25 E(conditions e)72 297 Q(xist:)-.15 E 5<836d>77 313.2 S
(an/catman/mandb is run by root)-5 E 5<8354>77 325.2 S
(he NFS mount has the root squash \215ag set)-5 E 2.732 -.8(To g)72
341.4 T 1.132(et around this problem, the root user must \214rst attain\
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(atabase o)-3.633 F(wner)-.25 E(before running)72 353.4 Q F0
(man/catman/mandb)2.5 E F1(whene)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G
(he databases need updating or cat \214les are to be produced.)-2.5 E F0
2.5(7.3. NLS)72 377.4 R(message catalogues)2.5 E F1 .576
(man\255db has b)72 393.6 R .576(uilt in support for nati)-.2 F .876
-.15(ve l)-.25 H .576(anguage message catalogues.).15 F .576
(That is, it can issue messages in the)5.576 F .444(locale of the user')
72 405.6 R 2.944(sc)-.55 G 2.944(hoice. This)-2.944 F .445
(will only occur if the locale')2.945 F 2.945(st)-.55 G .445
(ranslation has been written.)-2.945 F .445(Before under)5.445 F(-)-.2 E
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(ranslation Project $http://translationproject.or)-.35 F .11
(g/$ who are coordinat-)-.18 F(ing such acti)72 429.6 Q(vities.)-.25 E
F0 2.5(7.4. Cr)72 453.6 R(edits)-.18 E F1 .685(The authors w)72 469.8 R
.685(ould lik)-.1 F 3.185(et)-.1 G 3.185(ot)-3.185 G .685
(hank the follo)-3.185 F .685(wing people for their time, ef)-.25 F .686
(fort, support, ideas and code which)-.25 F(went into man\255db:)72
481.8 Q(Markus Armbruster <armbru@pond.sub)112 498 Q(.or)-.4 E(g>)-.18 E
(Lionel Cons & colleages <cons@dxcern.cern.ch>)112 510 Q
(Carl Edman <cedman@princeton.edu>)112 522 Q
(Caleb Epstein <epstein_caleb@jpmor)112 534 Q -.05(ga)-.18 G(n.com>).05
E(Lars Fenneber)112 546 Q 2.5(g<)-.18 G(lf@gimli.comlink.de>)-2.5 E
(Zoltan Hidv)112 558 Q -.15(eg)-.15 G 2.5(i<).15 G(hzoli@cs.elte.hu>)
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(Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@yggdrasil.com>)112 582 Q -.15(Fa)112 594 S
(brizio Polacco <fpolacco@debian.or).15 E(g>)-.18 E
(Gordon Sadler <gbsadler1@lcisp.com>)112 606 Q
(Colin Phipps <cph@cph.demon.co.uk>)112 618 Q -.15(Pa)112 630 S
(ul Slootman <paul@wurtel.net>).15 E(Jose Rodriguez <boriel@airtel.net>)
112 642 Q(Eirik Fuller <eirik@hackrat.com>)112 654 Q(Matej V)112 666 Q
(ela <v)-1.11 E(ela@debian.or)-.15 E(g>)-.18 E
(Clint Adams <schizo@debian.or)112 678 Q(g>)-.18 E
(Jeremy C. Reed <reed@reedmedia.net>)112 690 Q
(Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.or)112 702 Q(g>)-.18 E
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-.1 G(ralph@inputplus.co.uk>)-2.5 E -1.11(Yu)112 120 S(ri K)1.11 E(ozlo)
-.35 E 2.5(v<)-.15 G -.1(ko)-2.5 G(zlo).1 E -.65(v.)-.15 G(y@gmail.com>)
.65 E(Henning Makholm <henning@makholm.net>)112 132 Q(Lars W)112 144 Q
(irzenius <liw@iki.\214>)-.4 E
(Nicolas Fran\347ois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>)112 156 Q(Iv)112
168 Q(an Shmak)-.25 E .3 -.15(ov <)-.1 H(oneingray@gmail.com>).15 E
(Peter Breitenlohner <peb@mppmu.mpg.de>)112 180 Q
(Robert Luberda <robert@debian.or)112 192 Q(g>)-.18 E(Chusslo)112 204 Q
.3 -.15(ve I)-.15 H(llich <casla).15 E -.65(v.)-.2 G(ilic@gmx.net>).65 E
(and all those translators listed in the)72 220.2 Q F0(man/THANKS)2.5 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Glossary)270.225 96 Q(manual page)72 124.2 Q
3.557<418c>97 136.2 S 1.056(le containing descriptions related to the u\
se of a function or program or the structure of a \214le.)-3.557 F .1(T\
he name of the \214le is formed from the title of the manual page follo)
97 148.2 R .101(wed by a period follo)-.25 F .101(wed by the)-.25 F .676
(name of the section that it resides in, optionally follo)97 160.2 R
.675(wed by an e)-.25 F 3.175(xtension. The)-.15 F .675
(format of the \214le is)3.175 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(NR)97 172.2 Q(OFF)
-.27 E F0(and may be compressed, ha)2.5 E(ving a suitable compression e)
-.2 E(xtension appended.)-.15 E(cat page)72 188.4 Q 2.5(Af)97 200.4 S
(ormatted manual page suitable for vie)-2.5 E
(wing on a vt100-type terminal.)-.25 E(stray cat page)72 216.6 Q 3.216
(Ac)97 228.6 S .716(at page that does not ha)-3.216 F 1.016 -.15(ve a r)
-.2 H(elati).15 E 1.016 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .716
(anual page on the system, i.e. only the cat page w).15 F .716(as sup-)
-.1 F(plied or the manual page w)97 240.6 Q(as remo)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.5(da).15 G(fter the cat page had been created.)-2.5 E(section)72 256.8
Q .75(Each manual page or cat page hierarch)97 268.8 R 3.25(yi)-.05 G
3.25(sd)-3.25 G -.25(iv)-3.25 G .75(ided into sections, each section ha)
.25 F .75(ving its o)-.2 F .75(wn direc-)-.25 F(tory)97 280.8 Q 5(.M)
-.65 G(anual page hierarch)-5 E 2.5(ys)-.05 G(ection names be)-2.5 E
(gin with `man' and cat page sections with `cat'.)-.15 E -.15(ex)72 297
S(tension).15 E 3.281(Ap)97 309 S .781(ackage may pro)-3.281 F .782
(vide manual pages with \214lenames ending in a package-speci\214c e)
-.15 F .782(xtension name.)-.15 F .557(This allo)97 321 R .557
(ws manual pages with the same title to coe)-.25 F .556
(xist in the same manual page hierarch)-.15 F 3.056(ya)-.05 G .556
(nd sec-)-3.056 F .867(tion without sharing the same \214lename.)97 333
R .867(It also pro)5.867 F .867
(vides a further mechanism for man to select the)-.15 F
(correct manual page.)97 345 Q(manual page hierarch)72 361.2 Q(y)-.05 E
2.5(Ad)97 373.2 S(irectory tree di)-2.5 E(vided into manual page sectio\
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(cat page hierarch)72 389.4 Q(y)-.05 E 2.5(Ad)97 401.4 S
(irectory tree di)-2.5 E(vided into cat page sections, each containing \
a collection of cat pages.)-.25 E(traditional cat page hierarch)72 417.6
Q(y)-.05 E(The same location as the manual page hierarch)97 429.6 Q -.65
(y.)-.05 G(alternate cat page hierarch)72 445.8 Q(y)-.05 E 2.5(As)97
457.8 S(eparate location to that of the traditional cat page hierarch)
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(at page located in a traditional cat page hierarch)-2.5 E -.65(y.)-.05
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Contents)282.72 96 Q 2.5(1. Introduction)72
134.8 R 28.5(..........................................................\
.......................................................................\
... 1)4.06 F 2.5(1.1 man\255db)84.5 149.2 R 28.5(......................\
.......................................................................\
....................................... 1)3.14 F 2.5(1.1.1 The)102 163.6
R 1.85(concept ........................................................\
...........................................................)2.5 F(1)31 E
2.5(1.2 The)84.5 178 R(manual page system)2.5 E 28.5(..................\
.......................................................................\
................ 2)4.35 F 2.5(1.3 Sections)84.5 192.4 R(of the manual)
2.5 E 28.5(............................................................\
................................................ 2)4.62 F 2.5(1.4 The)
84.5 206.8 R(format of manual pages)2.5 E 28.5(........................\
.......................................................................\
..... 2)3.25 F 2.5(1.5 Ar)84.5 221.2 R(guments to con\214gure)-.18 E
28.5(..................................................................\
......................................... 3)3.69 F 2.5(2. The)72 248 R
(speci\214cs of Sections)2.5 E 28.5(...................................\
.......................................................................\
...... 4)3.79 F 2.5(2.1 P)84.5 262.4 R
(ackage speci\214c manual page sections)-.15 E 28.5(...................\
................................................................ 4)4.24
F 2.5(2.2 Selecting)84.5 276.8 R 2.5(as)2.5 G(ection type)-2.5 E 28.5(.\
.......................................................................\
................................... 4)3.79 F 2.5(2.2.1 Specifying)102
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