22

✏️ Editing: leap-seconds.list

#	ATOMIC TIME
#	Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the reference time scale derived
#	from The "Temps Atomique International" (TAI) calculated by the Bureau
#	International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) using a worldwide network of atomic
#	clocks. UTC differs from TAI by an integer number of seconds; it is the basis
#	of all activities in the world.
#
#
#	ASTRONOMICAL TIME (UT1) is the time scale based on the rate of rotation of the earth.
#	It is now mainly derived from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). The various
#	irregular fluctuations progressively detected in the rotation rate of the Earth led
#	in 1972 to the replacement of UT1 by UTC as the reference time scale.
#
#
#	LEAP SECOND
#	Atomic clocks are more stable than the rate of the earth's rotation since the latter
#	undergoes a full range of geophysical perturbations at various time scales: lunisolar
#	and core-mantle torques, atmospheric and oceanic effects, etc.
#	Leap seconds are needed to keep the two time scales in agreement, i.e. UT1-UTC smaller
#	than 0.9 seconds. Therefore, when necessary a "leap second" is applied to UTC.
#	Since the adoption of this system in 1972 it has been necessary to add a number of seconds to UTC,
#	firstly due to the initial choice of the value of the second (1/86400 mean solar day of
#	the year 1820) and secondly to the general slowing down of the Earth's rotation. It is
#	theoretically possible to have a negative leap second (a second removed from UTC), but so far,
#	all leap seconds have been positive (a second has been added to UTC). Based on what we know about
#	the earth's rotation, it is unlikely that we will ever have a negative leap second.
#
#
#	HISTORY
#	The first leap second was added on June 30, 1972. Until the year 2000, it was necessary in average to add a
#       leap second at a rate of 1 to 2 years. Since the year 2000 leap seconds are introduced with an
#	average interval of 3 to 4 years due to the acceleration of the Earth's rotation speed.
#
#
#	RESPONSIBILITY OF THE DECISION TO INTRODUCE A LEAP SECOND IN UTC
#	The decision to introduce a leap second in UTC is the responsibility of the Earth Orientation Center of
#	the International Earth Rotation and reference System Service (IERS). This center is located at Paris
#	Observatory. According to international agreements, leap seconds should be scheduled only for certain dates:
#	first preference is given to the end of December and June, and second preference at the end of March
#	and September. Since the introduction of leap seconds in 1972, only dates in June and December were used.
#
#		Questions or comments to:
#			Christian Bizouard:  christian.bizouard@obspm.fr
#			Earth orientation Center of the IERS
#			Paris Observatory, France
#
#
#
#    	COPYRIGHT STATUS OF THIS FILE
#    	This file is in the public domain.
#
#
#	VALIDITY OF THE FILE
#	It is important to express the validity of the file. These next two dates are
#	given in units of seconds since 1900.0.
#
#	1) Last update of the file.
#
#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C (https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/bulletinc.dat)
#
#	The following line shows the last update of this file in NTP timestamp:
#
#$	3976686858
#
#	2) Expiration date of the file given on a semi-annual basis: last June or last December
#
#	File expires on 28 December 2026
#
#	Expire date in NTP timestamp:
#
#@	4007404800
#
#
#	LIST OF LEAP SECONDS
#	NTP timestamp (X parameter) is the number of seconds since 1900.0
#
#	MJD: The Modified Julian Day number. MJD = X/86400 + 15020
#
#	DTAI: The difference DTAI= TAI-UTC in units of seconds
#	It is the quantity to add to UTC to get the time in TAI
#
#	Day Month Year : epoch in clear
#
#NTP Time      DTAI    Day Month Year
#
2272060800      10      # 1 Jan 1972
2287785600      11      # 1 Jul 1972
2303683200      12      # 1 Jan 1973
2335219200      13      # 1 Jan 1974
2366755200      14      # 1 Jan 1975
2398291200      15      # 1 Jan 1976
2429913600      16      # 1 Jan 1977
2461449600      17      # 1 Jan 1978
2492985600      18      # 1 Jan 1979
2524521600      19      # 1 Jan 1980
2571782400      20      # 1 Jul 1981
2603318400      21      # 1 Jul 1982
2634854400      22      # 1 Jul 1983
2698012800      23      # 1 Jul 1985
2776982400      24      # 1 Jan 1988
2840140800      25      # 1 Jan 1990
2871676800      26      # 1 Jan 1991
2918937600      27      # 1 Jul 1992
2950473600      28      # 1 Jul 1993
2982009600      29      # 1 Jul 1994
3029443200      30      # 1 Jan 1996
3076704000      31      # 1 Jul 1997
3124137600      32      # 1 Jan 1999
3345062400      33      # 1 Jan 2006
3439756800      34      # 1 Jan 2009
3550089600      35      # 1 Jul 2012
3644697600      36      # 1 Jul 2015
3692217600      37      # 1 Jan 2017
#
#	A hash code has been generated to be able to verify the integrity
#	of this file. For more information about using this hash code,
#	please see the readme file in the 'source' directory :
#	https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/sources/README
#
#h	2e101270 4e6749f8 2f1792b7 14a0c188 36bb19d6

MR SKB